2017-2 | Les interactions sociales - Recherches récentes sur le français (Social interactions - Recent work on French) | |
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Cécile PETITJEAN & Simona PEKAREK DOEHLER (Université de Neuchâtel & Université de Lausanne / Neuchâtel, Suisse)Développements actuels en Analyse Conversationnelle et recherches sur les interactions en françaispp. 5-14
In the introduction to this issue, we address current developments in Conversation Analysis, with special attention paid to the contributions emanating from studies on French data. We first offer a short overview of these developments and then present the contributions to the special issue, thereby identifying some of the challenges addressed by current conversation analytic work, such as how the analysis of social interaction can relate to burning social issues, or if and how Conversation Analysis can be combined with other research paradigms, both conceptually and methodologically.
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Elwys STEFANI (DE) & Anne-Sylvie HORLACHER (Bâle, Suisse / Université de Bâle & Université de Neuchâtel)Une étude interactionnelle de la grammaire : la dislocation à droite évaluative dans la parole-en-interactionpp. 15-32
In this article, we first provide an introduction to interactional linguistics and then revisit from an interactional perspective a structure widely attested in grammar books: right-dislocation (RD). Drawing on video data (hairdressing and dinner conversations), we examine several cases of assessments accomplished through RDs and distinguish between a) closing-implicative RDs with which speakers assess a narration, and b) RDs with which participants asses an object present in the immediate physical environment, thereby initiating a new course of action. A fine-grained multimodal analysis allows us to conclude that participants mobilize grammatical resources and exploit them in talk-in-interaction in a way that is sensitive to the kind of activities in which they are engaged.
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Rasmus PERSSON (Université de Linköping & Université d’York)La prosodie comme ressource pour l’organisation de l’interaction : état des lieux et illustrationspp. 33-52
This article takes stock of the current state of research on the connections between prosody and the organisation of social interaction. An overview is given of central studies of prosodic and phonetic design and its procedural relevance for interaction, along three lines of inquiry: the management of turns, sequence organisation, and action formation. For each of these issues, illustrative analyses based on French data are also presented.
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Roxane BERTRAND & Aurélie GOUJON (Aix Marseille Université / CNRS-LPL)(Dis)aligning for improving mutual understanding in talk-in-interactionpp. 53-70
This article deals with the mutual understanding phenomenon and its explicit marks in talk-in-interaction. Drawing on conversation literature, we attempt to enhance knowledge about understanding by linking it to the alignment concept. This allows us to shed light on the different levels of understanding required for the accomplishment of successful interaction. Feedback responses provided by recipients are one of the explicit marks for achieving understanding. However, we focus here on dispreferred responses that can be considered a cue of disalignment, i.e. a break in the activity in progress and a potential indicator of trouble in understanding. Using the Conversational Analysis framework, we show how and why recipients can disalign and to what extent the mutual understanding is impacted by this disalignment.
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Lorenza MONDADA (Bâle, Suisse)Le défi de la multimodalité en interactionpp. 71-87
This article offers a presentation of the field of multimodal conversation analysis, by reference to the way it has been developed in the international context as well as to the way studies of French video data have contributed to it. The paper also discusses some challenges represented by multimodality – understood as the range of interactional resources, including language, gesture, gaze, facial expressions, postures, body movements and artifact manipulations, mobilized by participants in order to organize their exchange in publicly accountable ways – for the sequential analysis of social interaction. In order to empirically discuss these challenges, the paper offers in the last section the analysis of a collection dealing with a sequence of actions – requests targeting actions to be done immediately and their responses – in which multimodality plays a crucial role.
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Evelyne BERGER (Université de Neuchâtel)The interactional achievement of tellability: a study of story-openingspp. 89-107
This article explores storytelling practices in French ordinary conversations. While storytelling has been a prolific object of investigation across human and social sciences, our focus here is on the contribution of Conversation Analysis. This line of work has shown how storytellings are interactionnally produced through the speakers and recipients turn-by-turn adjustments. After an overview of the main findings of CA research on storytelling, we present a study of story-openings. The study examines the use of informings as a resource for projecting a storytelling to various extents. The study shows that the tellworthiness of a story-to-be is interactionally established through the design features of the informing and the recipient’s verbal and non-verbal displays of alignment and affiliation.
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Jérôme JACQUIN (Université de Lausanne)De la polyfonctionnalité de JE SAIS dans des débats publics et téléviséspp. 109-126
This paper examines the French epistemic marker JE SAIS [I know] in a ten-hour video-recorded corpus of public and TV debates. A statistical survey reveals only a dozen tokens, which appears to be a low frequency both in comparison with other expressions such as ON SAIT [one/you/we know] or JE SAIS PAS [I don’t know] and considering the interactional and argumentative properties of debates, as identified by previous research. Bringing together insights from Interactional Linguistics, Enunciative Linguistics and Argumentation Theory, the paper scrutinizes the enunciative and argumentative unfolding of the turn in which JE SAIS operates. The analysis highlights the polyfunctional dimension of the resource, which cannot be reduced to the self-attribution of a state of knowledge.
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Klara SKOGMYR MARIAN, Cécile PETITJEAN & Simona PEKAREK DOEHLER (Université de Neuchâtel / Université de Neuchâtel & Université de Lausanne / Neuchâtel, Suisse)Le développement de la compétence d'interaction en langue seconde : état des lieux et illustrations empiriquespp. 127-145
In this paper we investigate L2 interactional competence and its development over time. We first provide a historical overview of the advancements in L2 acquisition research that originated from a concern with communicative competence and led to the current concern with interactional competence, and discuss the results of existing conversation analytic work on interactional competence. We then present two empirical studies, one focusing on directives and the other on humor in L2 interactions. Based on our findings, we argue that the development of interactional competence implies a diversification of speakers'‘methods’ for accomplishing social actions in the L2, allowing them to increasingly tailor their interactional conduct to their interlocutors and to situational contingencies.
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Véronique TRAVERSO (CNRS-Lyon)Formulations, reformulations et traductions dans l'interaction : le cas de consultations médicales avec des migrantspp. 147-164
In this article, I describe multilingual interaction through the phenomena of formulation. It is studied as a collective work, developed in an incremental way, in which participants resort to a large variety of resources, verbal as well as gestural. The article is based on a corpus of multilingual interactions, with or without interpreters, recorded in consultations in mental and somatic health, with migrants and refugees, in France.In line with the DYLAN project's results, the paper shows the continuous work done by the participants on the linguistic resources, which blurs the boundaries between languages. It also reveals the impossibility to describe formulation processes, without including the gestural modalities.
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Esther GONZÁLEZ-MARTÍNEZ (Université de Fribourg)Ouverture d'appels téléphoniques infirmière-transporteur à l'hôpitalpp. 165-183
This article addresses the organisation of the openings of telephone calls between nurses and porters at an acute-care hospital in French-speaking Switzerland. Initiated by the nurse, the calls are very brief and focus on the activity of producing and managing a transportation request. They have characteristics in common with service or assistance-request calls, which have been extensively studied in conversation analysis literature. In this case, however, the calls involve employees of a single institution who are moreover in regular contact but work in different departments. The article contributes to conversation analysis research on telephone call openings, with observations on the organisation of the summons, the connection and the response, as well as the caller's first turn including the transition into the business of the call.